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The Pacman Nebula

NGC 281 and IC 1590, in Cassiopeia  ·  6.5 hours in one night, September 2026

The Pacman Nebula, NGC 281 — a glowing red and white cloud with a dark dust lane forming the mouth, in a dense star field

The Pacman Nebula (NGC 281) with the open cluster IC 1590, HOO  ·  ©2026 Peter F. Wingard  ·  @see_theShow

Barnard found it first

The Pacman Nebula, NGC 281 in Cassiopeia, about 9,500 light-years away in the Perseus arm of the Milky Way. E. E. Barnard found it in August 1883, almost a century before the video game gave it its name. The glow is hydrogen and oxygen lit up by HD 5005, a tight group of hot young stars whose brightest member is an O-type star tens of thousands of degrees hot, sitting at the heart of the open cluster IC 1590. The dark lane that makes Pacman’s mouth is a cold dust cloud in front of the glow, and the small dark blobs floating in the bright core are Bok globules: dense knots of gas and dust that are collapsing under their own gravity and may be forming new stars right now.

This one was shot with the Celestron Origin, a one-shot colour camera, through an Antlia Triband filter and processed as HOO: the red pixels became the hydrogen channel and the green and blue pixels became the oxygen channel. That meant pulling the colour camera apart into two narrowband-style channels, stacking six sessions separately with their own calibration, and removing the fixed-pattern banding a barely-dithered Origin leaves behind.

Acquisition

Telescope
Celestron Origin — RASA 6″ f/2.2, 335 mm
Camera
Origin678C one-shot colour (IMX678) — ISO 1000, uncooled
Filter
Antlia Triband RGB Ultra — processed as HOO
Framing
00h 52m 40s  +56° 39′ 37″  ·  2.46″/pixel
Integration
1,040 × 15s + 391 × 20s = 6.5 hours, six Origin sessions in one night, every sub kept
Dates
September 25–26, 2026
Location
My backyard site at The Star Farm in Camden, South Carolina — Bortle 4.5
Processing
Stacked in Siril, processed in PixInsight

How it was made

The capture blog →See the legacy gallery →